Common Safety Orientation (CSO) Practice Test

Which of the following is considered a bloodborne pathogen?

1. Influenza virus

2. Hepatitis B virus

3. West Nile virus

4. Norovirus

The correct answer is: Hepatitis B virus

Bloodborne pathogens are microorganisms present in human blood that can cause disease in humans. The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is classified as a bloodborne pathogen because it is transmitted through exposure to infected blood, bodily fluids, or non-intact skin. This virus poses serious health risks, including liver disease and other complications, and is primarily contracted through activities such as sharing needles, sexual contact, or from mother to child at birth. In contrast, the other viruses listed, such as the influenza virus, West Nile virus, and norovirus, are not classified as bloodborne pathogens. Influenza primarily spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The West Nile virus is transmitted mainly by mosquitoes, while norovirus is commonly spread through contaminated food or surfaces and not directly through blood. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for implementing proper safety and health protocols in various environments, especially in healthcare and laboratory settings.